KPÖ
GA
PILZ
SPÖ
ÖVP
FPÖ
LF
BZÖ
FRANK
NEOS
Independent
PCB-KPB
PTB-PvdA
PSB-BSP
sp.a
PS
G
E
RW
FDF
CVP-PSC
CDV
CdH
VU
N-VA
LP-PL
VLD
MR
UDRT
FN
VB
LDD
DKP
FK
EL
VS
SF
S
RV
RF
LC
CD
KrF
KF
V
UF
FrP
DFP
LA
Alt
NB
M
DD
Other minor parties
SKDL
TPSL
SDP
VIHR
KESK
SIN
SMP
LKP
SKL
RKP
KOK
AS
LN
C
L
OG
R
LREM
CD & CR
CL
UR
RN
RDA
HOR
UDR
LIOT
KPD
Linke
GR
B'90
SPD
FDP
CDU-CSU
DSU
Z
GB-BHE
DA-FVP
DP
WAV
BP
NR
AfD
KKE
KKE-es
SPAD
LAE
OIKEN
SYRIZA
SYN
DIKKI
DIMAR
PASOK
EK
EDIK
TP
KN
DIANA
ND
POLAN
ANEL
IM
LAOS
EP
XA
MeRA25
SPA
NIKI
PE
SP
LG
PA
WA
NPP
ULL
THPM
SDA
ASD
AESI
PP
LP
CP
IP
CM
BF
P
RP
CentP
PeP
S-PBP
WP-DL
SD
Lab
NL
CnP
CnT
FF
FG
PD
A
I4C
Ex Left
PdCI
PCI-PDS-DS
Indep. Left
Verdi
Rete
PR
PSIUP
PSI
SDI
PSDI
DC
PPI
RI
UDR-UDEUR
CCD-CDU-UDC
PRI
PLI
FI-PdL
Mon.
AN
MSI
SVP
NPSI
DeL
IdV
RnP
MpA
M5S
SC
SEL-SI
FdI
NCD
FLI
PT-CN
PpI
AD
Dem.
FeL
LIF
Rep.
CR
AeF
DCA
MAIE
NS
FareItalia
Lib.
Soc.
GS
IDeA
Fare
Mod.
CeR
LeU
NcI
A-IV
NM
ASV
+E
IC
ScN
Camp
CSV
LSAP
KPL
Gréng
GAP
GLEI
ADR
EF
SI
MIP
PIE
DL
Pi
CPN
PSP
GL
EVP
PPR
PvdA
AOV
Unie 55+
D66
ARP
KVP
CDA
CHU
DS70
NMP
CP-CD
GPV
RPF
SGP
RKPN
VVD
PB-RVP
CU
LPF
PVV
PvdD
50PLUS
DENK
FvD
VN
JA21
BBB
BIJ1
NSC
GL/PvdA
NKP-RV
SF-SV
KRF
DLF
H
FRP
MDG
RD
PF
UDP
BE
MDP-CDE
PCP
ASDI
UEDS
PRD
PSD
PSN
PPM
CDS-PP
PàF
PEV
PAN
CH
IL
HB
Amaiur
P's
CPV
IU
BNG
ERC
PSOE
PSA
PNV
CC
CIU
UPyD
C's
CDS
UCD
PDP
Vox
Pais
EHBildu
CUP
NA+
PRC
TE
SMR
Juntos
MP
KD
NyD
Comm
ILP
SNP
PC
CW
Lib
Con
UKIP
IN
DUP
REFORM
GPEW
BSP
DPS
NI
RZS
BZNS
BNS
NDSV
NV
GERB
SDS
SK
DSB
BBZ
Volya
OP
RB
ABV
ITN
DB
IBG-NI
BV
ZD
Independents and minor parties
KSČM
ČSSD
LSU
HSD- SMS
SPR- RSČ
USVIT
SZ
VV
LIDEM
ANO 2011
KDU- ČSL
KDS
ODA
US (US- DEU)
ODS
TOP 09
CPS
STAN
EÜRP
EPPE
EME
AP
VD
SDE
ERL
ERo
EML
ERoh
EKod
Sõlt
ERP
ERSP
ResP
EKo
IRL
EEE
VKR-P
ER
EVA
EKRE
E200
KDNP
JOBBIK
FKGP
Kisgazdák
EKGP
DK
LMP
Fidesz
MIÉP
MSzP
MDF
Somogyért
SzDSz
PM
MHM
LSP
PCTVL
LVP
TSP
LSDSP
TKL-ZP
SLAT
TT
TPA
DCP
ZZS
LKDS
LaDP
VL+TB-LNNK
TB-LNNK
ZRP
LZP
TB
LZS
JL
LNNK+LZP
LNNK
LPP
JP
LPP-LC
PLL
NSL
LRA
JKP
A/P
KPV
S!
LPV
PRO
LVZS
LDDP
LLRA
NS-SL
LKDP
LSDP
LTS
TPP
LCS
TS-LKD
LiCS
LRLS
LPS
LSDDP
PPNA
DVSL
SRP
LPR
UP
KPN
PiS
PSL
ROP
SDPL
SLD
AWS
PL
MNSO
ZChN
BBWR
UD
UW-PD
PChD
ChD
KLD
PPPP
PO
UPR
Partia X
N
K15
K
PL2050
IPL
AUR
CdPL
Razem
NN
KKP
PSM
PPDD
PRM
PStDR
FSN
PDAR
UNPR
PSDR
PUNR
MER
PER
PNLCD
PDL
PNTCD
UDMR
PAC
PNL
PL93
UFD
PLR
ALDE
PMP
USR PLUS
PUSL
KSS
ZRS
SDL
SV
Smer-SD
SOP
SNS
ĽS-HZDS
SMK
DUS
MH
KDH
OĽaNO
ANO
SDK
SDKU- DS
SaS
LS-NS
Siet'
SR
ZL
HLAS-SD
Republika
Z-NS
SSS
DeSUS
SMS
Zares
DSS
SLS
SDZ
SKD
LDS
ZS
NSi-KLS
LS
ZaAB
SMC
LMŠ
Levica
Konkretno
SKH-SDP
SDSH
HLSR
ŽZ
IDS
SDSS
HNS
LIBRA
HSLS
HSU
HSS
Most
HDZ
HKDU
HDS
HDSSB
HSP-AS
HSP
HS
M!
HKS
BzH
F
SIP
NS-R
GLAS
HRAST
NPS
PiP
SN
SCDP
NLP
NZF
ACT
UNZ
UFNZ
RoC
MW
TPM
MM
Independents
ALP
LPA
ACP/NPA
UAP
AG
LLP
KAP
PUP
CA
CPC
BPC
NDP
CPLPP
LiP
SSC
Ind. PC
Ind. Lib
Ind. CCF
LibLab
SCR
BQ
RPC
GPC
Mapai
HDM
SVM
RDN
Herut
Mapam
ZK
Maki
AY
RDAY
HH
SS
AH
HDT
MiHal
Gahal
Rafi
Rakah
RM
RATZ
DASH
TAMI
Tehiya
SHAS
Shinui
Y
MLH
Labor
Meretz
Tzomet
YH
Yiud
Raam 1996
YBA
One
MiHaCP
HH T
YA
YB
AE
Balad
Kadima
Gil
Haatz
Hat
Yesh
Kulanu
HaHe
KL
NH
NUP
HaTa
NOAM
OY
ReHa
WIZO
HHT
Mizrahi
PAY
KiVe
HU
KP
MERI
Druze
JAB
Moked
Sheli
Raam March 1977
Shl
FS
Telem
MRSZ
Kach
O
Mada
DH
UPI
GI
Moria
YY
Taal
BD
ANP
Tzalash
AHI
TL
DE
Ind.
JCP
LWSP
ReiShin
PLP
NSPJ
JSPSDP
RWSP
DRP
LFP
FNP
JFP
CLC
SDF
HRP
DSP
SPP
LL
NHK
SCC
FC
TPJ
GW
KDP
DPJ
DP2016
PH
DPP
RC
Renaissance
JNP
WP
NCoP
Kaishintō
Dōshikai
NLC
JReP
JIP2014
JIP2016
NFP
LP1998
JRP
Mirai
LP1994
PNP
NPN
NPD
YP
SPJ
PFG
NCP
DP1946
JDP
LPH
Ryokufūkai
LDP
Dōshi
DLP
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
the Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Bulgaria
Czechia
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Croatia
New Zealand
Australia
Canada
Israel
Japan
No right to initiate referenda
Right to initiate referenda
Right to initiate referenda in assent with parliament/government
Right to initiate referenda on initiative of the people
Right to initiate referenda on special issues
No decree power
Decree power
Decrees need to be countersigned by PM
No veto power
Veto can be overruled by supermajority
Veto can be overruled by majority of the new parliament after new elections
Veto can be overruled by absolute majority
Veto can be overruled by simple majority
Veto of president leads to a referendum
No dissolution at own initiative
Free choice (at own initiative)
In case of parliamentary (in)activity
No appointment power
Free choice
Constitution gives open room for interpretation
Constitution gives clear instruction
Only in first/lower chamber
In both chambers
Before taking office
After taking office
Both before and after taking office
Only PM
Whole cabinet
Single ministers
Government and its programme
Majority support (50% + 1)
Plurality support
Plurality support among different options
No majority against
No investiture vote
Personal staff (political appointees)
Civil service staff
PM occupies specific portfolio
Other
Direct
Via PM only
Via vote of no confidence against full cabinet only
Yes, PM alone
Yes, through formal act carried out by Head of State
No, Head of State has discretionary powers
Unanimity
Majority
Consensus defined by PM
Concensus defined by head of state
FE
Election
Replacement
PM change
Non-partisan cabinet
Single-party majority cabinet
MWC
No
Yes
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s